What Is Gastritis and How Is It Treated?

You’re feeling bloated, nauseous and in pain — but what’s really going on?

It could be gastritis, a common condition that happens when the lining of your stomach becomes inflamed. The inflammation can come on suddenly or develop gradually over time. Left untreated, it can lead to ulcers and other digestive problems.

Here’s what to know about gastritis including what causes it, how to recognize it and what you can do to feel better.

What Causes Gastritis?

Your stomach lining is protected by a layer of mucus that keeps digestive acids from damaging the tissue underneath. Gastritis occurs when that barrier weakens, allowing acid to irritate or erode the stomach wall.

Common causes include:

• Bacterial infections: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most frequent causes of gastritis worldwide. Not everyone who has the bacteria will develop symptoms, but factors like genetics, diet and smoking may increase your risk.
• Pain relievers: Taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve) too often can wear down the stomach lining.
• Excessive alcohol use: Alcohol can irritate and inflame the stomach lining, especially when consumed in large amounts.
• Stress or serious illness: Major injuries, burns or infections can trigger gastritis.
• Autoimmune conditions: Sometimes, the immune system mistakenly attacks stomach cells, leading to autoimmune gastritis.
• Other diseases or treatments: Conditions such as Crohn’s disease, celiac disease, food allergies or HIV/AIDS can increase your risk. If you are having cancer treatment, some chemotherapy drugs and radiation increase your risk of gastritis.

What Are Symptoms Of Gastritis?

Gastritis can feel different for everyone, but common symptoms include:

• A burning or aching sensation in your upper abdomen
• Indigestion, bloating or nausea
• Vomiting or feeling full after small meals
• Belching or hiccups
• Black stools or vomit that looks like coffee grounds (a sign of bleeding)
• Loss of appetite

If you notice blood in your vomit or stool, seek medical attention immediately.

What Are The Types Of Gastritis?

Doctors generally classify gastritis as either erosive or non-erosive:

• Erosive (reactive) gastritis involves inflammation that wears away at the stomach lining, often linked to alcohol, NSAIDs or severe illness.
• Non-erosive gastritis causes inflammation without erosion and is often related to autoimmune disease or infection.

Is There A Gastritis Diet?

While a bland diet was once recommended, experts now encourage a balanced diet that reduces irritation and supports healing.

Foods that may help include:

• Fruits and vegetables rich in antioxidants
• Foods high in B vitamins and calcium (beans, whole grains, dark leafy greens, almonds)
• Apples, celery, cranberries, onions, garlic and tea — which may help limit H. pylori growth

Foods to avoid:

• Alcohol and caffeine
• Fried or fatty foods
• Acidic foods and citrus juices
• Anything that worsens or irritates your symptoms

How Is Gastritis Treated?

Treatment depends on what's causing your gastritis. Your provider may recommend:

• Antibiotics if H. pylori bacteria are present
• Antacids for quick relief from stomach pain
• Histamine blockers (like Pepcid or Tagamet) to reduce acid production
• Proton pump inhibitors (such as Prilosec or Nexium) for longer-term acid control

With the right treatment and lifestyle changes, most people recover fully.

Coping With Gastritis

Gastritis is treatable and for many, simple steps make a big difference. Avoid irritants like alcohol and NSAIDs, eat smaller meals, and manage stress through rest or relaxation techniques.

If your symptoms persist or worsen, talk to your healthcare provider. Early care can prevent complications and get you back to feeling your best.