Should I Worry About Ovarian Cysts?

Women routinely develop ovarian cysts. In fact, cyst formation is part of monthly menstruation. These fluid-filled pouches are rarely cause for concern.

However, some women develop irregular cysts that require medical attention. So, when should you worry about ovarian cysts?

Tina Ayeni, MD, an Indianapolis gynecologic oncologist with Franciscan Physician Network Gynecologic Oncology Specialists, says that answering that question requires understanding how the ovaries work.

“Ovaries are important organs in a woman’s body,” Dr. Ayeni says. “They make estrogen and progesterone — hormones critical for development and reproduction.”

Properly functioning ovaries will produce a normal cyst each month. This type of cyst, called a functional cyst, holds and then releases an egg. Once the egg is released, the body naturally breaks down a functional cyst.

“Sometimes, however, functional cysts don’t break down like they’re supposed to,” Dr. Ayeni says. “And sometimes, other types of cysts can develop within the ovaries.”

These other types of cysts, called “pathological cysts,” can occur without a known cause. Common types of pathological cysts include endometriomas, cystadenomas and dermoid cysts. Pathological cysts can cause pain or discomfort and can also signal an increased risk of ovarian cancer.

Dr. Ayeni says regular pelvic exams by a gynecologist can effectively spot problematic cysts and help prevent an issue in the future.

Symptoms Of Ovarian Cysts

Ovarian cysts are often benign (non-cancerous) and go away within a few months. They rarely indicate any underlying health problems.

“Still,” says Dr. Ayeni, “a cyst is an abnormal collection of tissue that is growing or has the capacity to grow over time and eventually cause symptoms.”

Talk To Doctor About These Ovarian Cyst Symptoms

In some cases, ovarian cysts can affect your health or quality of life. For example, a large cyst may put uncomfortable pressure on the lower abdomen. And sharp pain or internal bleeding can happen if the cyst on the ovary breaks open. Rarely, ovarian cysts can be cancerous, requiring prompt medical attention.

To prevent future complications with an ovarian cyst, talk to your doctor if you experience possible symptoms of an ovarian cysts, such as:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Bloating or pressure in the abdomen
• Increased urinary frequency
• Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis
• Painful bowel movements
• Painful intercourse

Postmenopausal women who experience any symptoms related to ovarian cysts should also seek medical attention because they have a higher risk for developing ovarian cancer.

Women with a family history of ovarian cancer or those diagnosed with other cancers (such as breast or colon cancer) should seek medical attention immediately if they experience ovarian cyst symptoms or unexplained health changes.

Who’s Most At Risk For Ovarian Cysts

Several factors can increase your risk for developing ovarian cysts. These include:

• Endocrine disorders
• Hormonal imbalances
• Pregnancy
• Previous surgeries, such as a cesarean section

On the other hand, women who use oral birth control or have undergone a hysterectomy have a lower risk for developing ovarian cysts.

Ovarian Cyst Treatment

If you have an ovarian cyst, your gynecologist may use imaging or blood tests to determine the type and size and recommend the appropriate treatment.

“Your gynecologist is the best person to turn to for ovarian cyst diagnosis and treatment,” Dr. Ayeni says. “They’ll conduct a physical exam and have access to tools, like ultrasound and blood tests, to determine the best next steps for care.”

Treatment options your gynecologist may suggest include:

• Medications to adjust hormones that could be contributing to cyst formation
• Monitoring the cyst to see if it goes away on its own
• Pain management through over-the-counter pain relievers or other medications
• Surgical removal of large cysts or those causing significant discomfort

The Bottom Line: Visit A Gynecologist To Stay Worry-Free

If you have questions or concerns about ovarian cysts, talk to your gynecologist.

“There’s value in regular visits to your gynecologist,” Dr. Ayeni says. “Having an expert look at your family history and your health history can help you maintain your overall gynecologic health.”

Listen Now: Ovarian Cysts

Listen as Franciscan Health gynecologic oncologist Tina Ayeni, MD, shares information, tips and strategies on ovarian cysts and when women should seek treatment.